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A set is generally described as a well defined collection of distinct objects.By a well defined collection is meant a collection which is such that,given any object,we may be able to decide whether the object belongs to the collection or not.By distinct objects we mean objects objects no two of which are identical.
Elements or members of set:
The objects in a set are called its members or elements.Capital Letters A,B,C,X,Y,Z etc.,are generally used as names of sets and small letters a,b,c,d,x,y,z etc are used as members of sets.
E.g N = The set of all natural numbers = {1,2,3,...}
      W= The set of whole numbers = {0,1,2,3,...}
Ways of describing a set:There are three different ways of describing a set
1.The Descriptive Method:
A set may be described in words.for example,the set of all vowels of English alphabets.
2.The Tabular Method:
 A set may be described by listing its elements within brackets
{a,e,i,o,u}

Fraction is an expression in which we can write a number in the form P(x)/Q(x) , where Q(x) does not equal to zero.

we can check which fraction is smaller and which is greater.If the fractions has same denominator,then which fraction has greater numerator is the greater fraction.and which fraction has smaller numerator is the smaller fraction.
E.g: 4/5,6/5,3/5
In the above example 6/5 is the greatest fraction.and 3/5 is the smallest fraction.
If the fraction has different value of denominator then 1st we take two fractions,putting them equal and using cross multiplication ,then which side is greater is the greater fraction and which side is smaller is the smaller fraction.

the numbers or expressions written above the line in a fraction are called numerator

Rationalization:A fraction is to be rationalized if the denominator contains irrational numbers or complex numbers.that irrational number may be multiplied top and bottom of the fraction.

Trigonometry contains three words:
Tri means three
Goni means angle
Metron means measurement

Linear equation:an equation of the form ax+b = 0,where a doesn't equal to zero is called linear equation.
Its graph is a straight line.

Onto function:A function in which range of function is equal to the range set are called onto function.

Angle:Two rays with a common starting point form an angle.One of the ray is called initial ray and other is called terminal ray.

Circular system :A system in which we discuss about radian is called circular system.
Radian is the measure of an angle at the centre of circle by an arc whose length is equal to the radius of circle

The terms below the line of a fraction are called denominator.

there are two types of fraction:
1: Proper rational fraction:A fraction in which degree of numerator is less than the degree of denominator are called proper rational fraction.
E.g (x-1)/(x-2)(x-3)

2:Improper rational fraction:A fraction in which degree of numerator is greater than or equal to the degree of denominator are called proper rational fraction.

E.g (x-1)(x+3)/(x-2)(x-3)

3:Mixed fraction:

The sum of a whole number and a proper fraction is called mixed fraction. That sum is implied without the use of any operation such as "+"; for example, in referring to two entire biscuit and three quarters of another biscuit, the whole and fractional parts of the number are written next to each other:    .

Rational numbers are those numbers which can be written in the form of p/q where
q ≠ 0.
For example:All real numbers are also called rational numbers.
In other words" we can say that there in no gape between real numbers".
In real numbers,there is no number exist between two consecutive real numbers ,while in rational numbers there may exist infinite many numbers between two rational numbers.

A prime number which can be divisible by 1 and the number itself.  
1 is not a prime number because in the case of 1,one property is repeated.
that is why we can not say that 1 is a prime number.

   Even Numbers:the numbers which are divisible by  2 are called even numbers.Examples are : 0,2,4,6,8,... etc
odd numbers: the numbers which are not divisible by 2 are called odd numbers.

• positive numbers
• negative numbers
• non negative numbers
  Positive numbers are those numbers using with positive sign:the numbers such as 1,2,3...etc.are named as positive numbers.
• negative numbers are those numbers using with negative sign.:the numbers such as -1,-2,-3...etc are called negative numbers.
• Non negative numbers are those numbers which include zero along with positive numbers.

History of math is full of such examples of magic's of math.these examples made this subject quite appropriate from other subjects of science and arts.The way of adding,subtracting,multiplying and division makes a man wonderful. 
We see the working of computer and all other kinds of devices,, in which math is playing with quite efficient manner to made our life effective.

A calculator works on the principle of relations ,such relation are named as division,multiplication,addition and subtraction.For example:
when we press a button, a relation will start and when we press the expression +  and then the other number .
calculator gives us the answer within a matter of second.