| Description: Directions :Each GRE sample logical reasoning question in this part of the assessment starts with a reading passage containing the information to be used to choose between correct and incorrect logical conclusions. These conclusions are based on the information in the passage. After this reading passage, you are given a lead-in phrase that tells you to choose from among five different responses. These possible responses are generated by correctly or incorrectly applying logical thought to the information in the passage at the beginning of the question. They can be thought of as different ways of completing a sentence that begins with the lead-in phrase. Each GRE sample logical reasoning reading passage is based on actual Bureau of Labor Statistics documents but is not necessarily a completely accurate representation of BLS work. It is important that you accept every fact in the reading passage as true, when you evaluate the response choices offered. You should use only the information in the passage as the basis for accepting or rejecting any response choices. Be careful not to allow any "facts" that are not clearly stated in the reading passage, or any outside knowledge you may have of the "facts", to influence your thinking. - Testifying before the Senate committee investigating charges that cigarette manufacturers had manipulated nicotine levels in cigarettes in order to addict consumers to their products, tobacco executives argued that cigarette smoking is not addictive. The primary reason they gave in support of this claim was that cigarette smoking was not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration.
For the tobacco executives' argument to be logically correct, which of the following must be assumed?
- Substances that are not addictive are not regulated by ...........the Federal Drug Administration.
- The tobacco executives lied when they claimed that ...........cigarette smoking was not addictive.
- Some addictive substances are not regulated by the ...........Federal Drug Administration.
- There is no scientific proof that cigarette smoking is ...........addictive.
- Substances that are not regulated by the Federal Drug ...........Administration are not addictive.
Ans : E
- People should be held accountable for their own behavior, and if holding people accountable for their own behavior entails capital punishment, then so be it. However, no person should be held accountable for behavior over which he or she had no control.
Which of the following is the most logical conclusion of the argument above?
- People should not be held accountable for the ...........behavior of other people.
- People have control over their own behavior.
- People cannot control the behavior of other people.
- Behavior that cannot be controlled should not be ...........punished.
- People have control over behavior that is subject ...........to capital punishment.
Ans : B
- There is clear evidence that the mandated use of safety seats by children under age four has resulted in fewer child fatalities over the past five years. Compared to the five-year period prior to the passage of laws requiring the use of safety seats, fatalities of children under age four have decreased by 30 percent.
Which one of the following, if true, most substantially strengthens the argument above?
- The number of serious automobile accidents involving ...........children under age four has remained steady over the ...........past five years.
- Automobile accidents involving children have decreased ...........sharply over the past five years.
- The use of air bags in automobiles has increased by ...........30 percent over the past five years.
- Most fatal automobile accidents involving children under ...........age four occur in the driveway of their home.
- The number of teenage drivers has increased by 30 ...........percent over the past five years.
Ans : A
- Lycopene, glutathione, and glutamine are powerful antioxidants that neutralize the free radicals that are produced in the body as a result of routine bodily processes. An excess of these free radicals in your system causes rapid aging because they accelerate the rate of cellular damage. Aging is simply the result of this damage. Thus, to slow down aging it is necessary to supplement your diet with these antioxidants on a daily basis.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the author's contention?
- Most persons aren't concerned with the effects of aging ...........until it is too late to do anything.
- Exercise associated with normal daily activities effectively ...........neutralizes and dissipates the free radicals that are ...........produced as a result of routine bodily processes.
- The cost of antioxidants is exorbitantly high and well ...........beyond the budget of most consumers.
- Only overweight people who do not exercise on a daily ...........basis are likely to have an excess of free radicals in their ...........systems.
- Smoking cigarettes is one of the main causes of cellular ...........damage in humans.
Ans : B
- Is it wrong for doctors to lie about their patients' illnesses? Aren't doctors just like any other people we hire to do a job for us? Surely, we would not tolerate not being told the truth about the condition of our automobile from the mechanic we hired to fix it, or the condition of our roof from the carpenter we employed to repair it. Just as these workers would be guilty of violating their good faith contracts with us if they were to do this, doctors who lie to their patients about their illnesses violate these contracts as well, and this is clearly wrong.
The conclusion of the argument is best expressed by which of the following?
- Doctors who lie to their patients about their illnesses ...........violate their good faith contracts with their patients.
- Doctors often lie to their patients about their illnesses.
- Doctors are just hired workers like mechanics and ...........carpenters.
- It is wrong for doctors to lie about their patients' ...........illnesses.
- Doctors, like mechanics and carpenters, enter into good ...........faith contracts with us when we hire them.
Ans : D
- As any economist knows, healthy people pose less of an economic burden to society than unhealthy people. Not surprisingly, then, every dollar our state government spends on prenatal care for undocumented immigrants will save taxpayers of this state three dollars.
Which of the following, if true, would best explain why the statistics cited above are not surprising?
- The state's taxpayers pay for prenatal care of all ...........immigrants.
- Babies born in this state to undocumented immigrant ...........parents are entitled to infant care benefits from ...........the state.
- State benefits for prenatal care serve to promote ...........undocumented immigration.
- Babies whose mothers did not receive prenatal care ...........are just as healthy as other babies.
- Pregnant women who do not receive prenatal care are ...........more likely to experience health problems than ...........other pregnant women.
Ans : E
- Beautiful beaches attract people, no doubt about it. Just look at this city's beautiful beaches, which are among the most overcrowded beaches in the state.
Which of the following exhibits a pattern of reasoning most similar to the one exhibited in the argument above?
- Moose and bear usually appear at the same drinking ...........hole at the same time of day. Therefore, moose and ...........bear must grow thirsty at about the same time.
- Children who are scolded severely tend to misbehave ...........more often than other children. Hence if a child is ...........not scolded severely that child is less likely to ...........misbehave.
- This software program helps increase the work ...........efficiency of its users. As a result, these users ...........have more free time for other activities.
- During warm weather my dog suffers from fleas ...........more so than during cooler weather. Therefore, ...........fleas must thrive in a warm environment.
- Pesticides are known to cause anemia in some people. ...........However, most anemic people live in regions where ...........pesticides are not commonly used.
Ans : D
- Our school district should not spend its money on the new Verbal Advantage reading program. After all, our students get all the reading practice they need by studying history and science.
The argument above depends on which the following assumptions?
- The Verbal Advantage program would not help the ...........students learn history and science.
- Other reading programs are just as effective but ...........less expensive than the Verbal Advantage program.
- The Verbal Advantage program involves only reading ...........practice.
- Teaching students history and science is more ...........important than teaching them reading skills.
- The students can already read well enough to ...........study history and science
Ans : C
- A study of native born residents in Newland found that two-thirds of the children developed considerable levels of nearsightedness after starting school, while their illiterate parents and grandparents, who had no opportunity for formal schooling, showed no signs of this disability.
If the above statements are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them?
- Only people who have the opportunity for formal ...........schooling develop nearsightedness.
- People who are illiterate do not suffer from ...........nearsightedness.
- The nearsightedness in the children is caused by the ...........visual stress required by reading and other class work.
- Only literate people are nearsighted.
- One-third of the children are illiterate.
Ans : C
- Newspaper publishers earn their profits primarily from advertising revenue, and potential advertisers are more likely to advertise in newspapers with a wide circulationâ€"a large number of subscribers and other readersâ€"than with other newspapers. But the circulation of the newspaper that is currently the most profitable one in this city has steadily declined during the last two years, while the circulation of one of its competitors has steadily increased.
Any of the following, if true, would help explain the apparent discrepancy between the two statements above EXCEPT:
- Advertisers generally switch from the most widely ...........circulated newspaper to another one only when the ...........other one becomes the most widely circulated ...........newspaper instead.
- Advertising rates charged by the most profitable ...........newspaper in the city are significantly higher than ...........those charged by its competitors.
- The most profitable newspaper in the city receives ...........revenue from its subscribers as well from advertisers.
- The circulation of the most profitable newspaper ...........in the city is still greater than than of any of its ...........competitors.
- The number of newspapers competing viably with the ...........most profitable newspaper in the city has increased ...........during the last two years.
Ans : E
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